The 16th and 17th century was a period of profound change in Christianity, marked by the Protestant Reformation which was initiated by Martin Luther in Germany in 1517 when he challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. This led to the formation of several new Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism. It was also a time of incredible expansion for Christianity, as European explorers and missionaries brought the faith to new lands in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Despite the religious conflicts and wars that characterized the period, Christianity continued to grow and exert a profound influence on Western culture and society with revival leaders such as Brother Lawrence, John Bunyan, John Calvin, John Knox, Madame Guyon, Martin Luther and William Tyndale making great personal sacrifice to ensure all people could have access to read the Bible and pursue personal relationship with Him.